Sパラメーターの測定手順
Bode100でSパラメーターを測定する手順を解説します。
Bode 100 はSパラメーターの計測をサポートしています。Sパラメーターの計測のために、チャンネル2の入力インピーダンスを50Ωに、チャンネル1を内部基準に設定する必要があります。これらの設定は、device configurationウインドウで照会できます。
バッテリーのインピーダンス測定
Bode 100とPicotest J2111Aを利用することにより、1Hzから10MHzの範囲においてバッテリーのインピーダンスの測定を容易に、また迅速に行うことができます。
要旨
バッテリーインピーダンスには、バッテリー内部の情報が含まれています。インピーダンスは科学的性質やバッテリーの機械設計などのさまざまな要因で異なるため、バッテリーインピーダンスを計測することによって、バッテリーの特徴を知ることができます。
Bode 100とPicotest J2111A Current Injector を使用することにより、1HZから10MHzまでのバッテリーのインピーダンスを容易に測定することができます。
本アプリケーションノートでは、インピーダンス測定に必要なBode 100の接続設定及びデバイス設定を紹介しております。
目的
アルカリ9V 電池のインピーダンスは、1Hzから10MHzの範囲で測定されます。バッテリーを無負荷電圧の状態( )まで放電すると、インピーダンススペクトルが再測定され、バッテリーがフル充電の場合と比較されます。
また、3.7Vのリチウムイオンバッテリーのインピーダンススペクトルが測定されることは、抵抗が小さいセルであっても上記の方法により測定しうるということを証明しているのです。
App_Note_Battery_Impedance_V1_0_Japanese
コンデンサ ESR値の測定
キャパシターの特性値、インピーダンスをオプションのB-WICを使ってBode100で測定する例です。
The ESR of a capacitor can influence the behavior of an electronic system and therefore has to be known in several cases. Manufacturers do often not provide sufficient data about the ESR. Sometimes the dissipation factor is defined which can be connected to the ESR using the following relation:
Assuming a series equivalent circuit model for a capacitor including the capacitance and the series resistance the Bode 100 can directly measure both values over the full frequency range.
To see how easy the ESR measurement can be done with the Bode 100 and the B-WIC just download the application note:
Application Note: Capacitor ESR Measurement with Bode 100
ケーブルの断線検知
同軸ケーブルの断線検知、解析、断線箇所の特定はBode100を使えば容易に測定出来
ます。
For standard measurement situations in electronic labs most of the time only the impedance of a coaxial cable matters. But as soon as it comes down to special applications many additional parameters such as the cable’s attenuation and its dielectric constant matter.
In our application note we demonstrate how easily Bode 100 can be used to measure these important parameters.
Based on these cable parameters in combination with the reflection’s phase shift over the frequency it is easy to calculate the length of a cable (or the position of a cable break) using the following formula:
To gather more information about the methods used to measure the cable’s impedance, dielectric constant, length and attenuation please download our application note:
DC電源の計測
降圧DC/DCコンバータの安定性、制御特性の測定にBode100を使って分析する事例です。
Electronic devices nowadays tend to be designed smaller and more multifunctional. Due to the higher technological complexity also the sensitivity for external influences increases and theirfore also the quality requirements on their power supplies.
In order to ensure the quality of DC power supplies the exigency of performing more detailed and accurate tests is given.
Bode 100 can be easily used to measure the indicators for the stability of a control loop and to visualize the influence of input voltage and load current changes. These tests provide significant information on the behavior of a DC/DC converter in real life operation.
To gather information about the methods used to measure qualitiy indicators of a DC prower supply containing DC/DC converters please download our application note:
DSLケーブルの計測例
ネットワーク上のデータ品質は時に使われているツイストペアケーブルに依存します。テレコムケーブルの計測メーカーとしてリーディングカンパニーであるAESA-Cotaillod社（スイス）と共同で開発したBode100を使用したDSLケーブル特性計測例です。
By analyzing one DSL-Cable pair, the measurement of following parameters is shown in this application note (the parameters for the other pairs are measured the same way).
- Attenuation
- Impedance
- Near End Cross Talk (NEXT) and Far End Cross Talk (FEXT)
- Return Loss (RL)
- Phase delay
According to the standard the Equal Level Far End Crosstalk (ELFEXT) is calculated from the cables attenuation and the FEXT. In a separate Application Note add on we show a method that allows to measure the ELFEXT directly.
Measurement Setup for Attenuation Measurements
dsl-cable-analysis03.png The application note was done in cooperation with AESA Cortaillod, especially with strong support from Mr. Dick Gigon. AESA Cortaillod has over 30 years experience in cable testing and quality control of telephone and LAN cabling as well as power lines or coaxial cabling. The company’s headquarters is located in Colombier, Switzerland. For more information feel free to visit: www.aesa-cortaillod.com
dsl-cable-analysis03.png The application note was done in cooperation with AESA Cortaillod, especially with strong support from Mr. Dick Gigon. AESA Cortaillod has over 30 years experience in cable testing and quality control of telephone and LAN cabling as well as power lines or coaxial cabling. The company’s headquarters is located in Colombier, Switzerland. For more information feel free to visit: www.aesa-cortaillod.com
To learn more about this measurement application just download this application note.
- Appnote DSL Cable measurements.pdf
Application Note: DSL-Cable Measurements with Bode 100 - Appnote Add on: ELFEXT Measurement.pdf
Application Note Add-On: ELFEXT Measurement with Bode 100
オペアンプの測定
オペアンプのオープンループ利得の計測事例です。
Most of the time operational amplifiers are considered an off the shelf product, which simply does its job in an electronic circuit. But quite often developers are surprised about unexpected phenomenons caused by the operational amplifier. Therefore it is very helpful to measure some basic parameters of the Op-Amp before it is used for a specific application.
One important parameter of every operational amplifier is its open loop gain. In our application note we describe different methods to measure the open loop gain of an Op-Amp starting from 1 Hz:
This application note was developed in cooperation with
Prof. Dr. Martin Schubert
University of applied Science Regensburg, Germany
プラナートランスの測定
基板に表面実装されたプラナートランスのインピーダンスを測定する実施例です。
Transformers are devices produced with a complex winding process. This process results in high costs and sometimes low reproducibility. In some applications planar transformers directly fabricated on the printed circuit board can replace wound transformers.
Using this production technique it is important to ensure the proper function of the transformer before expensive parts and ferrite cores are assembled to the board.
A simple and commonly used contact test is not enough to detect failures in windings of such transformers. Even a resistance measurement may not detect all possible failures.
The Bode 100 offers an easy and accurate impedance measurement possibility which can be used to detect failures in planar PCB coils. The possibility of controlling the Bode 100 via OLE interface would offer a great accurate test method for high quality PCB checks.
To learn more about this measurement application just download this application note.
AP Note Planar Transformer V1_0.pdf
Application Note: Planar Transformer Measurement with Bode 100
水晶振動子の等価回路分析
電子部品の等価回路は時に非常に役立ちます。このアプリケーション例は水晶振動子 の等価回路をBode100の機能を利用して簡単に作った例です。
An equivalent description of a quartz crystal is given by the following circuit. It is valid in the frequency region of a single series – parallel resonance combination. These series – arallel resonance combinations occur at odd multiples of the fundamental series resonance frequency.
To learn more about this measurement application just download this application note.
Application Note: Quartz Crystals – Determination of equivalent circuits.
RFIパワー入力フィルターの計測
回路設計上RFIの動作特性の重要さは増しています。標準的なRFIフィルターの特性測 定方法を紹介しています。
We are comparing the measured common mode insertion loss with the data delivered by the manufacturer. In the picture below you can see that the RFI filter measurement results proof that the filter works according to the manufacturer’s specification.
If you want to learn how to measure the common mode insertion loss with the Bode 100 just download the full application note as a .pdf file using the link below:
App Note RFI Inlet FIlter V1 0.pdf
Application Note: RFI Power Inlet Filter Measurement
シグナルトランスの計測
プリント基板に搭載される小型のシグナルトランスは重要な役割を持ちます。
この事例では、トランスの各種パラメーター、カップリング係数、共振周波数、伝達関数等を計測しています。
Even in the “digital” times of today, signal transformers are widely used for a high variety of applications in the telecommunication and broadcast industry.
Besides the standard parameters like number of windings and nominal frequency, many other parameters that are sometimes not even mentioned in the datasheet of the transformer, become important for a specific intended application.
Reason enough for us to publish an application note which explains how Bode 100 can be used to analyse a signal transformer. Either to verify the data sheet parameters or to measure parameters not stated in the signal transformer’s datasheet.
To gather information about the methods used to measure signal transformer parameters like transmission ratio, coupling factor, frequency range and resonance frequency please download our application note:
プローブの使用
ここでは、Bode100標準プローブを使って、同軸コネクタでアクセス出来ない電子回路上のポイントで利得/フェーズを計測実行する方法を解説します。
Using Probes with Bode 100
The use of standard measurement probes with Bode 100 can simplify a lot of your measurement tasks.
Usually not all measurement points of a DUT circuitry are accessible with coaxial cables. And this is the time when measurement probes come in. Measurement probes allow easy contact to nearly any required measurement point.
Since Bode 100’s measurement inputs can be switched to high impedance it is possible to utilize standard probes as usually used with oscilloscopes for gain/phase measurements.
By using 10:1 or 100:1 probes, capacitive and resistive influences on the DUT circuitry caused by the measurement equipment can be minimized. This is especially important if the DUT is sensitive to such influences (e.g. resonant circuits).
To access further information on topics like the compensation, calibration and capacitive load of measurement probes if used with Bode 100 please download our application Note: